Morphometric analysis was performed using mristudio software. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder adhd is the most common neurological disorder in children and adolescents prevalence of 7% worldwide. Diffusion tensor imaging in attention deficithyperactivity disorder. Diffusion tensor imaging abnormalities in the cerebellum. Using fsl fmrib software,35 datasets were corrected. Diffusion surfaces fiber tractography the algorithms 30 slides deterministic. Brainmagix combines the most advanced neuroimaging techniques into a unified, vendorneutral, and clinicallyoriented software suite. The study participants underwent pre and postmusicaltraining evaluation with diffusion tensor imaging dti of the brain. Diffusion tensor imaging in attention deficithyperactivity. Adhd medication may affect brain development in children. Diffusion tensor imaging of the cerebellumprefrontal area.
A fiber coherence index for quality control of btable orientation in diffusion mri scans. Regular diffusionweighted dw imaging produces images based on only the sum or average of the eigenvalues. Dti study of white matter fiber tracts in pediatric. Mri investigations in attention deficit hyperactivity. White matter characteristics and cognition in prenatally. Diffusion tensor imaging of the normal pediatric spinal cord using an inner field of view echoplanar imaging sequence. Whitematter abnormalities in attention deficit hyperactivity. Huntingtons disease hd is an inherited neurodegenerative disorder that causes progressive breakdown of striatal neurons. Optimized tensor estimation based on noisy diffusion weighted imaging dwi data. Jude childrens research hospital, 262 danny thomas place, ms 735, memphis, tn 381053678, usa. Dti diffusion tensor imaging tractography uses diffusion tensor data and allows 3d visualization of specific white matter tracts. Diffusion tensor imaging dti is an mr imaging modality that provides information about the direction and integrity of neural fiber tracks in the brain invivo. Data from left and right anterior thalamic radiation atr were averaged. Individual differences in impulsivity predict head motion.
Diff prep is used for image resampling, motion, eddy current distortion, and epi distortion correction using a structural image as target, and for rigid body re. Dti is an advanced mri technique, which identifies microstructural. Diffusion tensor imaging dti data were acquired using a seepi sequence with. We hypothesized that i as a group, participants with complicated mtbis would report greater symptoms and have. Following removal of nonbrain tissue, the diffusion tensor was fitted at each voxel using fsl diffusion toolbox software, producing diffusion maps for.
Diffusion surfaces fiber tractography the algorithms 30 slides. Diffusion tensor imaging dti mri dti takes advantage of water naturally diffusing more readily along axons to determine primary directions of neural fibers. Diffusion tensor imaging reveals white matter abnormalities in. Dtk is a complete software package that does reconstruction, fiber tracking, analysis and visualization. Diffusiontensor imaging aids in adhd diagnosis, treatment. The study was approved by a committee for medical research. This data is weighted with known information about the rates of diffusion between different types of tissue to create a. Jul 06, 2016 functional magnetic resonance imaging fmri acquisitions with cognitive stimulations, involving attention, working memory and semantic processing, and emotional stimulations, fmri acquisitions at rest without activation, diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging dti acquisitions, 3d anatomic acquisitions. It allows the mapping of the diffusion process of molecules, mainly water, in biological tissues, in vivo and noninvasively. Diffusion tensor imaging was used to investigate cerebellar structure in children with combined epilepsy adhd and adhd alone, at the university of basel, switzerland. By generating fractional anisotropy fa maps, the extent to which water diffusion is greater in one direction compared with others, the organization of white matter in the brain. Diffusion imaging applications in neuropsychiatric disorders.
Data were post processed using fsl software version 5. Distinct and nondistinct white matter disruption and dimensional brainbehavior relationships. Magnetic resonance imaging mri and solution phase nmr. Dwi measures the diffusivity of visible water molecules 1 and the principles for the measurement of diffusion with magnetic resonance imaging. For example, one can determine the location of the corticospinal tract or the thalamocortical tract with the help of dti tractography. Abstract diffusion tensor imaging dti has become one of the most popular mri techniques in brain research, as well as in clinical practice. Diffusion tensor imaging is used to map the anisotropy of the water diffusion in the tissues. Diffusion tensor imaging in patients with epilepsy and. Neuropsychologist digby ormondbrown introduces dti as sexy radiology. Where t1 and fmri scans are normalized based on intensity scales, diffusion tensor images instead offer the ability to register tensors, that have both length and. The sources of many common diffusion image artifacts are also explored in detail. Diffusion tensor imaging enables visualization and characterization of white. Diffusion tensor imaging and neurocognition in survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia michelle n. Diffusion tensor imaging, adhd, age, brain development.
The emphasis is on optimizing these technical factors for stateoftheart diffusion weighted imaging and diffusion tensor imaging dti based on the best available evidence in the literature. A consecutive cohort of 83 age and sexmatched children with newly diagnosed and nevertreated adhd mean age 10. Magnetic resonance imaging mri provides valuable data for understanding the human mind and brain disorders, but inscanner head motion introduces systematic and spurious biases. Introduction and background to diffusion tensor imaging diffusion weighted imaging dwi is a wellestablished method thatisimplementedas apartofroutine protocol at many institutions around the world. Increased regional fractional anisotropy in highly screened. Brain injury when a routine brain mri shows no abnormality. Diffusion imaging and behavioral measures were acquired in 200 children and adolescents adhd. Standard white matter integrity measures like fractional anisotropy and mean diffusivity derived from diffusion tensor imaging were analyzed in prodromalhd subjects. Dti studies have been performed in several psychiatric disorders, especially in those for which a developmental or a neuropsychiatric component was postulated.
Dti is a development of dwi in which diffusion gradients are. May 03, 2020 the science behind diffusion tensor imaging is very complex, but put in the simplest of terms, this type of medical imaging involves agitating molecules with electromagnetic radiation and recording the release of that energy. The neurography institute is the worlds leading expert source for diffusion tensor imaging. Using diffusion tensor imaging dti for the first time to study this population, researchers at north shorelong island jewish health system recorded microscopic damage to the brains white matter. Diffusion tensor imaging of white matter and correlates to.
Prenatal drug exposure may influence the developing brain. Diffusion tensor imaging dti is a noninvasive method for mapping the diffusion properties of tissue water basser and pierpaoli, 1996. Diffusion tensor imaging studies in adhd commonly attribute increased fa to reduced fibre branching 30, 31 or excessive myelin hyperplasia resulting from an adaptive process in response to. In addition, mr diffusion tensor imaging suggests that drug therapy repairs the damaged fiber bundles indicated in adhd pathology. Diffusion tensor imaging dti fiber tracking imagilys. This provides a powerful tool to visualize the brain whitematter tracts and to assess the changes due to diseases or trauma. Microstructural abnormalities in the combined and inattentive subtypes of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. A growing diffusion tensor imaging dti literature total n 1,717 and a plethora of apparent findings suggest atypical interhemispheric connection in adhd. Study using diffusion tensor imaging mri finds greater brain changes in children on adhd meds than adults. The prevalence of adhd around the world is about 7 percent of the population. Diffusiontensorimaging dti can be useful in both diagnosing attention deficit hyperactivity disorder adhd and following up with patients during treatment, according to research presented monday. Corregistering imaging data and generating deformation field for mapping images from individual spaces to a template or target space. Diffusion tensor imaging dti allows in vivo examination of the microstructural integrity of white matter brain tissue.
A diffusion tensor imaging study in children with adhd, autism. Increased regional fractional anisotropy in highly. Diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging dwi or dwmri is the use of specific mri sequences as well as software that generates images from the resulting data that uses the diffusion of water molecules to generate contrast in mr images. However, to date, little is known about specific white matter wm regions differentiating adhd presentations. Following tractbased spatial statistics, multigroup comparison of white matter indices. A diffusion tensor imaging study in children with adhd. Following removal of nonbrain tissue, the diffusion tensor was fitted at each voxel using fsl diffusion toolbox software 27, producing diffusion. The brain anatomy of attentiondeficithyperactivity disorder. Diffusion tensor imaging uncovers several keys to adhd diagnostic imaging. A recent publication from frontiers in neuroscience tries to offer an answer to most of these questions in their appropriately named article. In this study, diffusion tensor imaging dti was performed on subject groups with highfunctioning autism and controls matched for age, handedness, iq, and head size. Diffusion tensor imaging dti is a magnetic resonance imaging technique that enables the measurement of the restricted diffusion of water in tissue in order to produce neural tract images instead of using this data solely for the purpose of assigning contrast or colors to pixels in a crosssectional image.
The study is led by institute of psychiatry, director prof declan murphy. Psychoradiologic utility of mr imaging for diagnosis of. This software package is written in python with tkinter. Diffusion tensor imaging of the corpus callosum in autism. Dti and volumetric measurements of the total corpus callosum and subregions genu, body and splenium. Dti is an mri technique, in which the local diffusion coef. The number of brain studies with dti is growing steadily and, over the last decade, has produced more than 700 publications. This study focused on diffusion tensor imaging dti of white matter in a large sample of pae participants that allowed us to examine correlations with behavioral outcomes. Sep 22, 2014 using diffusion tensor imaging, we defined fractional anisotropy, a metric related to white matter microstructure, along with measures of diffusion perpendicular radial and parallel axial to. The package contains rfunctions to process diffusion weighted data. Diffusion tensor imaging and neurocognition in survivors of. Fuse multimodal brain images, from any mri, ct, or pet scanner surfermagix module.
Voxelwise and atlasbased regionofinterest analyses were performed. Our study evaluated dti in two groups of children with adhd to. There is a growing literature investigating adhd using dti. Diffusion tensor imaging in anxiety disorders springerlink. Fuse multimodal brain images, from any mri, ct, or pet scanner. Diffusion tensor imaging dti questions and answers in mri. The poster, diffusion tensor imaging of the cerebellumprefrontal area in adhd children, remains on display in the pediatric campus, rooms s101ab, through friday. Quantify the atrophy of the brain and its structures fmri module. Using diffusion tensor imaging dti for the first time to study this population, researchers at. Pdf several diffusion tensor imaging dti studies in attention deficit hyperactivity. This means that the probability distribution of diffusing water molecules follows a multivariate 3d gaussian distribution. Diffusion tensor imaging dti comprises a group of techniques where calculated eigenvalues. Mri magnetic resonance imaging if imaging modality is mri with no prefix such as f, for fmri, this refers to structrual mri smri fmri functional mri.
Localize eloquent brain areas for neurosurgical planning. To investigate microstructure of white matter fiber tracts in pediatric bipolar disorder pbd and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder adhd. This image, visualized in our neuroimaging software suite, brainmagix, displays an overview of the brains main white matter bundles. This study examined differences in wm microstructure using diffusion tensor imaging dti data from 20 adhd pi, 18 adhd c, and 27 typically developed children. Adult patients were recruited from the adult adhd program at psyq.
Dti is an mri tech nique, in which the local diffusion coef. Unique white matter microstructural patterns in adhd. Here we performed dtistudies on inattentive children,who hadreceived clinical treatment. A diffusion tensor imaging studyin children with adhd. Dti can be used for tractography inferring axon connectivity patterns to compare axonal connections between populations. Our aim was to study wm characteristics with dti in children with prenatal opiate and polysubstance exposure and in controls. Mar 30, 2012 diffusion tensor imaging dti can be used to examine the structural integrity of regional white matter and to map white matter tracts. However, fa results in adhd should be considered with caution, since many studies did not examine potential group differences in head motion, and most of the studies reporting no. Distinct and nondistinct white matter disruption and dimensional brainbehavior. Routine diffusiontensor processing, including head motion and eddycurrent correction, brain extraction, and tensor model fitting were performed by using software fsl, fmrib software library. Dti can often reveal the actual injury that is invisible on standard mri. Diffusion tensor imaging medicalimage analysis and. Diffusion tensor imaging dti is an mribased neuroimaging technique which makes it possible to estimate the location, orientation, and anisotropy of the brains white matter tracts.
Diffusion tensor imaging dtibased white matter mapping in. Tbss is a voxelwise analytic tool implemented in fmri software library fsl. Jul 27, 2016 a diffusion tensor imaging study in children with adhd, autism spectrum disorder, ocd, and matched controls. The corpus callosum is the largest commissural white matter pathway that connects the hemispheres of the human brain. In addition to area, another type of measure may be necessary to identify abnormalities in the corpus callosum in autism. Neuropsychological outcome and diffusion tensor imaging in. Adhd represents a disorder of altered structural connectivity of the brain, characterized by. A diffusion tensor imaging study in children with adhd, autism spectrum disorder, ocd, and matched controls. We propose to develop clinically feasible methods for the acquisition and analysis of advanced diffusion magnetic resonance imaging dmri of pediatric patients and apply it to study micro and macro level pathology in attentiondeficit hyperactivitydisorder adhd. Structural mri and diffusion tensor imaging dti in asperger. Common brain changes found in children with autism, adhd and.
Diffusion tensor imaging of the cerebellumprefrontal. A surprising involvement of the brain stem in adhd children has led researchers to hypothesize that a brain circuit involving the frontal lobe and. It has been shown that diffusion weighted imaging dwi using diffusion gradients in only three directions underestimates the magnitude of the anisotropy in tracts that are oblique to the diffusion gradients basser et al. Assessment of reduced field of view in diffusion tensor imaging of the lumbar nerve roots at 3 t. Diffusion tensor imaging uncovers several keys to adhd. The tortoise software package is used for processing diffusion mri data. Diffusion tensor imaging dti findings in adult civilian. Fractional anisotropy images were calculated and normalized by linear transformation. Dti is extremely sensitive to subtle differences in the architecture of white matter. Taking advanced diffusion imaging to the clinic for pediatric patients with adhd. Dti diffusion tensor imaging, a type of diffusion mri. We assessed whether group differences in fa, da, and dr could be found and related to cognitive function.
The functionality includes diffusion tensor imaging dti, diffusion kur. An important distinction between diffusion tensor imaging and other imaging modality like t1 anatomicals or fmri scans, is that dti allows for a more sophisticated normalization. Taking advanced diffusion imaging to the clinic for. However, these advanced protocols require long scan times and any motion during this time results in artifacts and loss of signal. Diffusion tensor imaging calabash cpd courses for health. Images of regions of interest colored lines in the white matter skeleton representation. Dti processing software tools tuesday, march 26, 20 do tromp 0 comments when starting out in a new imaging field like diffusion tensor imaging it is easy to be overwhelmed by different processing steps and tools. He explains clearly how dti can offer insight into brain functioning that traditional mri scans cannot. Diffusion tensor imaging and fiber tractography of human. Structural mri and diffusion tensor imaging dti in. Thus far, the use of dti has been very limited in panic disorder, social anxiety disorder, and. Edelmann 1 1 department of epidemiology and cancer control, st.
When starting out in a new imaging field like diffusion tensor imaging it is easy to be overwhelmed by different processing steps and tools. Previous structural and functional mr studies had found wholebrain volumetric and functional differences in the right frontal lobe and cerebellum of patients with adhd. Methods a diffusion tensor imaging dti study was conducted at 3 tesla on age and iqmatched children and adolescents with pbd n, adhd n, and healthy controls hc n15. Structural mri and diffusion tensor imaging dti in asperger sydrome. Diffusion tensor imaging dti is a type of magnetic resonance imaging which uses the rate at which water diffuses between cells to gather information about the internal structures of the body.
Diffusion tensor imaging dti can be used to examine the structural integrity of regional white matter and to map white matter tracts. This study examined whether intracranial neuroimaging abnormalities in those with mild traumatic brain injury mtbi i. Diffusion tensor imaging in musculoskeletal disorders. While traditional scans show the anatomical structures of the brain, d.
Impairment of frontostriatal and parietal cerebral networks correlates with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder adhd psychopathology in adults. Taking advanced diffusion imaging to the clinic for pediatric. Diffusion tensor imaging and fiber tractography of human brain pathways the brain 5 slides mr diffusion weighted imaging 20 slides the diffusion surface 30 slides the surface shape statistical analysis visualization. The arc and the brain mapping unit are the cambridge node of a multicentre study of neuroanatomy and brain function in autism, called the eu aims autism interventions multicentre study. A diffusion tensor imaging studyin children with adhd, autism spectrum disorder, ocd, and matched controls. Dti can provide sensitive information on integrity of white matter wm and. It can not only handle diffusion tensor data but can also process high angular resolution diffusion imaging hardi data as well as diffusion spectrum imaging dsi data and qball imaging data. White matter microstructure and the variable adult outcome of. Fractional anisotropy is used to characterize the diffusion tensor imaging.
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